Prismatic Roughing Operations

The information in this section will help you create and edit Prismatic Roughing operations in your manufacturing program.

Select Prismatic Roughing then the geometric components to be machined.

A number of strategy parameters are available for defining:

  • Axial stepover conditions

Specify the tool to be used and speeds and feeds .

You can also define transition paths in your machining operations by means of NC macros as needed.

Prismatic Roughing: Machining Strategy

Prismatic Roughing: Machining parameters

Tool path style
Indicates the cutting mode of the operation.

  • Helical: the tool moves in successive concentric passes from the boundary of the area to machine towards the interior. The tool moves from one pass to the next by stepping over.
  • Back and forth: the machining direction is reversed from one path to the next.

Machining tolerance
Maximum allowed distance between the theoretical and computed tool path. Consider the value to be the acceptable chord error.

Cutting mode
Specifies the position of the tool regarding the surface to be machined. It can be: 

Climb or Conventional.

Machining mode
Defines the type of area to be machined:

  • By plane: the whole part is machined plane by plane
  • By area: the whole part is machined area by area

then

  • Pockets only: only pockets on the part are machined
  • Outer part: only the outside of the part is machined
  • Outer part and pockets: the whole part is machined outer area by outer area and then pocket by pocket.

Helical movement
This parameter is available when the tool path style is set to Helical. It specifies the way the tool moves in a pocket or an external zone. It can be:

  • Inward: the tool starts from a point inside the zone and follows inward paths parallel to the boundary.

  • Outward: the tool starts from a point inside the zone and follows outward paths parallel to the boundary.

  • Both: For pockets, the tool starts from a point inside the pocket and follows outward paths parallel to the boundary.
    For external zones, the tool starts from a point on the rough stock boundary and follows inward paths parallel to the boundary.

Always stay on bottom
This parameter is available when the tool path style is set to Helical. When this parameter is set, the linking path between two areas remains in the plane currently machined. 

Part contouring
With part contouring switched on, the tool machines the outside contour of the part before roughing.

Contouring pass ratio
This parameter is available when the tool path style is set to Back and Forth. It adjusts the position of the final pass for removing scallops. This is done by entering a percentage of the tool diameter (0 to 50).

Truncated transition paths
This parameter is available when the tool path style is set to Back and Forth. It enables the tool to follow the external profile more exactly by allowing the transition portion of the trajectory to be truncated.

Not truncated:    Truncated: 

Fully engaged tool management
This parameter is used to manage full material cut when roughing hard material, where the stepover is not always respected and where the tool can be damaged. This can be avoided by switching to a trochoid motion that reduces the stepover, or by adding machining planes to reduce the load on the tool.

Full engagement is detected when:

  • more that 75% of the tool diameter is engaged in the material
  • or more than 120 degrees of the tool is in contact with the material.

It can be set to:

  • None: No management of the tool engagement.
  • Trochoid: Adds a trochoid motion in areas where the stepover is not respected. The trochoid motion is managed by the Minimum trochoid radius, given in percentage of the tool diameter.

  • MultiPass: Adds machining planes in areas where the stepover is not respected. The distance between those additional planes is managed by the parameter Maximum full material cut depth. In previews and replays, a warning is displayed if this cut depth is greater than the Maximum cut depth.

Prismatic Roughing: Radial parameters

Stepover, which can be defined by one of the following.

  • Overlap ratio: the overlap between two passes, given as a percentage of the tool diameter

  • Overlap length: the overlap between two passes, given as a distance

  • Stepover ratio: the stepover between two passes, given as a percentage of the tool diameter

  • Stepover length: the stepover between two passes, given as the maximum distance between passes.

Prismatic Roughing: Axial parameters

Maximum cut depth
Depth of the cut effected by the tool at each pass.

Prismatic Roughing: High Speed Milling parameters

The following parameters are available when the High speed milling checkbox is selected in the HSM tab page.

Corner radius
Specifies the radius used for rounding the corners along the trajectory of a HSM operation. The tool path is rounded to give a smoother path that can be machined faster. The minimum value of the corner radius is the radius of the tool.

Corner radius on part contouring
Specifies the radius used for rounding the corners along the Part contouring pass of a HSM operation. This radius must be smaller than the value set for the Corner radius parameter.

Prismatic Roughing: Geometry

You can specify the following geometry:

Part with possible offset.

Rough stock is required.

Check element with possible offset. The check element is often a clamp that holds the part and therefore is not an area to be machined.

Safety plane. The safety plane is the plane that the tool will rise to at the end of the tool path in order to avoid collisions with the part. You can also define a new safety plane with the Offset option in the safety plane contextual menu. The new plane will be offset from the original by the distance that you enter in the dialog box.

Top plane which defines the highest plane that will be machined on the part,

Bottom plane which defines the lowest plane that will be machined on the part,

Imposed plane that the tool must pass through. Use this option if the part that you are going to machine has a particular shape (a groove or a step) that you want to be sure will be cut.

Note that if you wish to use all of the planar surfaces in a part as imposed planes, use the Search/View contextual command to select them. When searching for planar surfaces, you can choose to find either: 

  • all of the planar surfaces in the part
  • or only the planes that can be reached by the tool you are using. 

To use planar surfaces as imposed planes:

  • Select the planar surfaces
  • Select Offset in the contextual menu and enter a value equal to the machining tolerance plus the offset value on part:
    • If the machining tolerance is 0.1 mm and there is no offset on part, enter 0.1 mm as offset for the imposed plane.
    • If the machining tolerance is 0.1 mm and the offset on part is 1 mm, enter 1.1 mm as offset for the imposed plane.

This ensures that the imposed planar surface is respected to within the offset and tolerance values.

When a face is selected as a Bottom plane or an Imposed plane, the contextual command Force to machine imposes the computation of the tool path on this face.

Start point where the tool will start cutting. When drilling holes exist, define start points and set the Mode in the Definition tab of macros to Radial only to avoid any plunge or ramping macros. If a radial engagement is not possible (collision with part or with the residual material), the roughing tool path is stopped.

If you leave the Mode in the Definition tab of macros to Plunge, no control will be carried out when the tool will plunge at the start point.
If the start point is not correct or if no start point has been defined for a given area, no start point will be computed automatically and the tool will plunge in material.

Start points:

  • manage contouring passes.
  • manage outer part and pockets. Therefore, you do not need to deactivate previous drilling operations.
  • are taken into account if they lie inside the drilling hole (even if they are not completely outside the part, check surfaces or rough stock).

For each start point, the point to join after the start point must lay in a circle defined by a maximum radius. This maximum radius can be activated and edited in the Maximum radius contextual command of Start point(s).

By default, in the Maximum radius parameters dialog box that appears the check box Activate is not selected, no maximum radius is applied to the start points, all start points are taken into account whether they lie within the circle or not. Select the check box to take the maximum radius into account.

Select the contextual command Plunge on point to make the plunge of the tool at the start point compulsory.
When this command is not selected, the tool will not plunge at the start point. The start point will only impose the direction of the radial engagement.

For Helical Tool path style, whenever possible, the end of the engagement associated to the start point corresponds to the beginning of the sweeping path.

Inner points (only active if the Drilling mode has been selected in the Macro tab). There are specific conditions for inner points:

  • They are usable for pockets only.
  • They must be positioned so as to avoid collisions with either the part or the check element. If an inner point for a given pocket causes a collision, the tool will adopt a new inner point generated automatically.
  • The inner point must lie inside the pocket or inside the portion of the pocket that is machined.
  • If there are several inner points for a given pocket, the one that is used is the first valid one (in the order in which they were selected) for that pocket.
  • A point cannot be valid for several pockets.

Limiting contour which defines the machining limit on the part, with the Side to machine parameter.

Automatic horizontal areas detection

When this option is inactive, the only way to ensure that a cutting plane corresponds with an horizontal area is to define an Imposed plane crossing the area. This means that you have to consider the offset on part. This plane applies to the whole part (which is not necessary). If there are several horizontal areas to consider at different levels you have to define all of the corresponding imposed planes.

Select this option to:

  • detect automatically horizontal areas on the part
  • limit the cutting plane effect to these areas
  • apply a dedicated offset on the part for these areas.

Then enter the value of the offset to apply on the areas (Offset on areas) and define the Maximum angle that can be considered as horizontal. The angle is measured perpendicular to the tool path.

If the machining mode is By area, the tool path will look like this:

If the machining mode is By plane, the tool path will look like this:

The cutting planes in green are the Standard roughing tool paths, the red ones are those computed for the horizontal areas detected.

The computation of horizontal areas is not possible if the part is made of a cloud of points (STL).
This option is not compatible with the use of offset groups.

Horizontal areas are always defined as pockets (no distinction outer part/pocket). You should use a limiting contour to mill Pocket only or Outer part areas.

Offset 
Defines the distance that the tool can overshoot the Position. It is expressed as a percentage of the tool diameter. This parameter is useful in cases where there is an island near the edge of the part and the tool diameter is too wide to allow the area behind the island to be machined. 
This parameter can only be used if the Position is inside or outside.

Limit Definition
Defines what area of the part will be machined with respect to the limiting contour(s). It can either be inside or outside. In the pictures below, there are three limiting contours on the rough stock. The yellow areas will be machined.

Side to machine: Inside

Side to machine: Outside
Note that if you are using a limiting contour, you should define the start point so as to avoid tool-material collision.

Ignore holes on stock
Select this check box to ignore holes which are on the rough stock.
Once this check box is selected, define the diameter under which holes are to be ignored.

Compute with tool holder
Select this check box to compute the tool path as to avoid collisions with the tool holder.
When this check box is selected, you can define an offset on the tool holder assembly.
When this check box is cleared, the tool path is computed only with the tool.

Prismatic Roughing: Tools

The only supported tools are End Mills.

Prismatic Roughing: Feeds and Speeds
In the Feeds and Speeds tab page, you can specify feedrates for approach, retract, machining and finishing as well as a machining spindle speed.

Feedrates and spindle speed can be defined in linear or angular units.

A Spindle output checkbox is available for managing output of the SPINDL instruction in the generated NC data file. If the checkbox is selected, the instruction is generated. Otherwise, it is not generated. 

Feeds and speeds of the operation can be updated automatically according to tooling data and the Rough or Finish quality of the operation. This is described in Update of Feeds and Speeds on Machining Operation.

Feedrate Reduction in Corners

You can reduce feedrates in corners encountered along the tool path depending on values given in the Feeds and Speeds tab page: reduction rate, maximum radius, minimum angle, and distances before and after the corner.

Feed reduction is applied to corners along the tool path whose radius is less than the Maximum radius value and whose arc angle is greater than the Minimum angle value.

When machining pockets, feedrate reduction applies to inside and outside corners for machining or finishing passes. It does not apply for macros or default linking and return motions.

Corners can be angled or rounded, and may include extra segments for HSM operations. 

Slowdown Rate

You can use Slowdown rate in the Feeds and Speeds tab page to reduce the current feedrate by a given percentage. 

In Helical tool paths, the reduction is applied to the first channel cut.

In Back and Forth tool paths, the reduction is applied to the first channel cut and to the transitions between passes.

Combining Slowdown Rate and Feedrate Reduction in Corners

If a corner is included in a Slowdown path, the general rule is that the lowest percentage value is taken into account.

For example, if the Slowdown rate is set to 70 % and Feedrate reduction rate in corners is set to 50%, the feedrate sequence is: 
100%, 70% (entry in slowdown), 50% (entry in corner), 70% (end of corner, still in slowdown), 100% (end of slowdown).

If Feedrate reduction rate in corners is then set to 75%, the feedrate sequence is: 
100%, 70% (entry in slowdown), 70% (entry in corner: 75% ignored), 70% (end of corner, still in slowdown), 100% (end of slowdown).

Prismatic Roughing: Macro Data

The following types of macro can be defined on a Prismatic Roughing operation:

For more information on how to save or load an existing macro, please refer to Build and use a macros catalog.

Automatic Roughing Macros

You must select one of the following approach modes to specify how the tool will engage the material:

  • Plunge: The tool plunges vertically.
  • Drilling: The tool plunges into previously drilled holes. You can change the Drilling tool diameter, Drilling tool angle and Drilling tool length.
  • Ramping: The tool moves progressively down at the Ramping angle. Ramping approach mode applies to pockets but also outer areas in given conditions:
    • If a limit line is used, the tool will approach outer areas of the part and pockets in ramping mode.
    • If a lateral approach is not possible (due to the check element), the approach is made in ramping mode.
  • Helix: The tool moves progressively down at the ramping angle with its center along a (vertical) circular helix of Helix diameter.
  • Radial Only: When drilling holes exist, define start points and use Radial only to avoid any plunge or ramping macros. If a radial engagement is not possible (collision with part or with the residual material), the roughing tool path is stopped.

Approach distance
Engagement distance for the selected approach mode.

Axial safety distance
Maximum distance that the tool will rise to when moving from the end of one pass to the beginning of the next.

Radial safety distance
Distance that the tool moves horizontally before it begins its approach.

Circular approach
Select this check box to create circular engagements from external zones:

  • a cornering arc is inserted in the approach movements.
  • all the movements will be tangent except when a collision could occur between the arc and the part.

Once selected, define the radius of this circular approach.

Engage from outside
In case of open pockets, select this check box to create engagements from external zones.

Limitations on Circular approach and Engage from outside:

  • By default, the point used for external engagement is the point on the rough stock closest to the pattern start point.
  • In case of collision, V5 tries to compute a pattern avoiding collision.
  • If some collisions remain in planes you have defined, you can define a start point to help find out a pattern which avoids the collision.
  • If some collisions remain in some planes even with the defined start point, a ramping approach will be created.

Optimize retract
Selecting this checkbox optimizes tool retract movements. This means that when the tool moves over a surface where there are no obstructions, it will not rise as high as the safety plane because there is no danger of tool-part collisions. The result is a gain in time.

Note that in some cases (where areas of the part are higher than the zone you are machining and when you are using a safety plane), the tool may cut into the part. In this case, deselect the Optimize retract checkbox.

Pre-Motion Macros

These are macros that are built by the user using the elementary motions proposed in the Current Macro Toolbox. A pre-motion macro is applied between the rapid motion from safety plane and the automatic macro.

Post-Motion Macros

These are macros that are built by the user using the elementary motions proposed in the Current Macro Toolbox. The post-motion macro between the automatic macro and the rapid motion from safety plane.